This reminds me of around 2002 when I wrote an article looking at how all the web behemoths at the time were claiming profitability through ad sales, but actually the vast majority of ads were from one web behemoth advertising on an other's site and vice versa.
Same as capacity swaps in telecom of that era
This is How Larry Elisson beat Musk for a short while although Oracle was struggling.' The deals among Oracle, Nvidia, and OpenAI have raised concerns about their circular and potentially risky nature. Oracle is reportedly spending tens of billions on Nvidia's advanced chips, Nvidia plans to invest up to $100 billion in OpenAI, and OpenAI uses Oracle's cloud infrastructure through Microsoft's Azure, creating a closed loop of financing and business. Some analysts warn this creates a reflexive loop or "dangerous bubble" where valuations may be inflated artificially by the circular flow of capital and resources, reminiscent of past booms that ended in sharp market corrections.
If this means that the fall of OpenAI will cause Oracle and Nvidia to crash and downsize, bubbles aren't completely bad.
You can't discount the impact this will have on global stock markets and what that may do to both individuals and, more importantly, pension funds, as a large swath of people are retiring
Damage is unavoidable, we can only hope that it happens to someone deserving. Innocent individuals and pension funds still have time to retreat; if they don't it will be their fault.
We are moving towards gerontocracy - if pension funds will have large losses it’s very likely that young, working age people will be taxed extra heavily to keep the QOL of pensioners.
Yes but this is by design. Wealthy people want bubbles, when they pop, you can gobble up all the value at all time lows. Then you hold until you don't feel like it anymore as the market goes back to growing. You see this as how private equity has bought up real estate across the USA to turn into rentals after 2008, for example.
Aren’t extremely wealthy people that wealthy due to the valuation of their stock? IIRC generally the higher the networth, the higher share is kept in stocks
> If this means that the fall of OpenAI will cause Oracle and Nvidia to crash and downsize
Only if those are the only actual real customers. It's not. The pie is a lot bigger. And with the current hype some other AI company will just take over and the bubble will continue.
Is it fair to say OpenAI is in a sense “washing” the money passing between Nvidia and Oracle? And instead of taking a cut in the traditional money laundering they are enjoying massive valuation gains?
When the fed investigates this does it matter if one of the 3 companies is not a publicly traded company?
I guess you could see it like that but I don’t think it’s “wash trading” in the sense that they’re coordinating it. I don’t really know what the fed would investigate here.
What you're missing is that real value can be created in these exchanges - Nvidia really makes chips for example.
The issue is that it's an industry of investment which exists solely to power more investment in AI - the entire chain is still assuming that someone will eventually pay for this.
At the end of the day all that money leaks out to employees and suppliers...but no one those people transact with may have any interest in buying what was produced.
Leaks out? Don’t you mean “trickles down”?
That's only really value if the chips are useful and if there are people buying the chips for something they want to do with them.
It's entirely based on the perception that LLM training & inference is here to stay at ever growing scales when the shortcomings of Artificial Dreaming are increasingly scrutinized. Not all businesses want to end up paying refunds to their clients like Deloitte [1] because the LLM hallucinated crap into their reports (and they failed to correct it).
[1] https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/oct/06/deloi...
Deloitte just bought like 400k Claude enterprise licenses. Bad example.
> It's entirely based on the perception that LLM training & inference is here to stay at ever growing scales when the shortcomings of Artificial Dreaming are increasingly scrutinized. Not all businesses want to end up paying refunds to their clients like Deloitte [1] because the LLM hallucinated crap into their reports (and they failed to correct it).
This assumes Deloitte didn't make more $$$ from the deal by "outsourcing" it to AI than not. It was a partial refund.
You haven’t brought in the side costs into your analysis
> You haven’t brought in the side costs into your analysis
And you haven't considered that Deloitte might get this money some other way anyway. It's been budgeted and needs to be spent by the government department for this financial year. They'll find another project to hand out.
lol you and I are not talking about the same stuff mate
Oracle most certainly is not struggling. Even putting aside the NVidia deal, their cloud business is thriving.
They give you 4 nodes with 1 vcpu and 6GB RAM each for free forever by the way. Most other stuff has a free tier too.
I used it to learn terraform and have a kubernetes cluster running.
I know it's always trendy to bash oracle and simp for AWS, but it is THE best option for learning and hobbyists.
On a sofware salary, would rather pay the 20 something to a provider like hetzner instead of giving my personal info to oracle
That's very cool. I was going to get a hetzner for some hobby projects.
Can you get that without adding a payment mechanism? For some reason, I'd be more cautious about putting my card into Oracle's offering than anyone else.
> Can you get that without adding a payment mechanism?
No!
There are actually two free tiers.
The limited free tier you get without adding a CC and then this advanced "always free" tier I am using, where you have to use and verify a CC and have to pay big bucks if you mess up.
limited free tier: 300$ to be spent in 30 days
advanced always free tier: https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/FreeTier/freetier...
So it's free... Until is not. My take on this would be that if Oracle makes any change to that "free" tier and you do not take proper action you might be automatically charged hefty amounts from your credit card. No, thanks. It's way way safer to spend few bucks a month in other VPS options than get a big surprise on your credit card.
Privacy.com has always been a working general solution to this, for me. Disposable CC aliases with spending caps.
Messing up with Oracle is a bit different from messing up with Google. I'll go with Hetzner which I love anyway. :)
You can also get all of that in a single node, which makes for a fairly beefy build server :)
Uh, you can get that level of compute locally easy peasy.
Learning terraform isn't hard, it's what you stitch together with terraform that is hard.
I think the point here is that free beats easy peasy, especially when learning a new skill, where your easy peasy isn't their easy peasy. And getting something up and running on Oracle Cloud with Terraform is nowhere near easy peasy for someone who never did anything with Terraform ;)
'Back in my day' we learned with VMs for free! The computer you have works without internet, for instance
> while although Oracle was struggling
In terms of actual earnings not sure Tesla is doing better.
It's worth noting Elisson is 2 years older than Trump.
What's he going to do with all that money, and what does he care for the risk it's bad or shady?
Worst case, he got to be #1 for a bit for a few dozen billion, best case he's hoping AGI will extend his life before he croaks.
Give it all to the IDF.
Doubt he believes that. Getting AGI (whatever that actually means) means we are still far away from reversing ageing.
Even smart people belive a lot of untrue things, and his domain of knowledge isn't likely to include much more biology than my GCSE grade C and a handfull of brilliant.org micro-lessons; it's quite possible, though I would not put specific odds on it, that he's seen e.g. the sudden change in the rate of progress in protein folding, where before it was ~ one PhD thesis per protein and then suddenly AlphaFold did all of them, and extrapolated from that to everything else like an over-enthusiastic PopSci reporter.
(Interestingly, some of the world's dictators do seem to have an interest in the current state of the art in prolonging life. For example Xi and Putin chatted about organ replacement https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr70rvrd41ko)
Ah yes, my favourite philosophical dilemma, The Organs of Theseus, and whether or not a sufficiently organ-replaced person is absolved of their previous actions by virtue of not necessarily being the same person.
As a more serious point related to this though, I was under the impression that organ replacement didn't address issues with telomere length?
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What does Ellisons personal wealth have to do with this? The concern is that the circular pattern of shifting money between these companies is artificially inflating the stock market to heights that will crash very very badly when this bubble finally pops.
The market is due a correction irrespective of bubble mania.
The implied equity risky premium is getting pretty low - a sign of greed.
> What's he going to do with all that money, and what does he care for the risk it's bad or shady?
The thing that unites Ellison, Trump, Musk, Thiel and a fair few of the other politically active billionaires is the obsession with "legacy" - they want to leave their mark in the history books, figures which will likely be remembered and taught in schools in thousands of years similar to Roman emperors.
Musk is the most obvious with his obsession of settling (and eventually dying) on Mars, Trump is dreaming of getting a Nobel Peace Prize (if only to not let Obama be the only US President who got one), and the rest is hunting for the "invented AGI" crown.
Obama was the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, after Theodore Roosevelt (1906) and Woodrow Wilson (1919)—both of whom received the award during their terms—and Jimmy Carter (2002), who received the award 21 years after leaving office. - wikipedia
Thanks for the correction!
Do you happen to have a copy of that article? I’d love to read it.
No, but I could give you several articles that link to that article while talking about how great it is.
Also a pg essay from 2010: https://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html
>By 1998, Yahoo was the beneficiary of a de facto Ponzi scheme. Investors were excited about the Internet. One reason they were excited was Yahoo's revenue growth. So they invested in new Internet startups. The startups then used the money to buy ads on Yahoo to get traffic. Which caused yet more revenue growth for Yahoo, and further convinced investors the Internet was worth investing in. When I realized this one day, sitting in my cubicle, I jumped up like Archimedes in his bathtub, except instead of "Eureka!" I was shouting "Sell!"
That's not how Ponzi schemes work. Yahoo had a defacto _monopoly_ and the market had bad discovery leading to bad price information. There was no point at which the internet was /not/ worth investing in and everyone who had experience with it knew that.
The real problem seemed to be that you can only put so much money into pets.com before it becomes stupid. You had more short term investment capital than could be _effectively_ spent at the time. The long term players, as usual, avoided the Archimedian idealism, and were heavily rewarded anyways.
pg has startup brains.
Same issue with LLMs - there probably is real value there, but investors have rammed 10 years' worth of investment into the market in 10 months.
That means: 1) Late investors end up taking a bath because it will actually take 10x longer to get a return than they thought. 2) Investment becomes inefficient - there are lot of GPUs being bought in 2025 that should have been bought in 2030. By the time 2030 comes along, those 2025 GPUs will be outdated, so the value they will provide will be less than if they had been purchased at the correct time
pg has completely clairvoyant vision, if only about historical events
Why is it so popular to "akshually, Ponzi schemes are different!" these days?
Words have meaning in context, and calling something a "Ponzi scheme" these days means any pyramid-like system that only works as long as new investors come to the table, because that new investor money is the sole source of gains for earlier investors. But once you run out of new investors, which is inevitable, the whole thing collapses. What pg described was exactly a Ponzi scheme in that sense, even if it wasn't a deliberate scam. And that's very different from other types of business ventures that eventually fail because of the more "normal" reason that they just don't gain traction.
Agree, people became extremely pedantic with words and it's incorrect to assume they only mean what is described in a dictionary, as if we are in a court.
Language is fluid, and many of words got their very known & popular meanings later, when people used for things that it didn't exactly mean what it was initially intended to, and it got popular.
People are ever less empathetic and sociable, this being the reason for such comments.
People become pedantic when it's the only way to defend themselves and their friends or to argue against someone.
In this case dotcom investing was so stupid that it should have been recognized as stupid at the time, without hindsight. For someone who lost money, gave bad advice etc. insisting that they didn't fall for a Ponzi scheme means representing themselves as less terrible investors, regardless of facts.
> Words have meaning in context
And you do recognize the context of those words was 15 years ago at this point?
> was exactly a Ponzi scheme in that sense, even if it wasn't a deliberate scam
There are better terms of art to describe the scenario. If we lacked for those words I might grant you this point, but since we don't, I find the description lacking in precision if not completely faulty.
> the more "normal" reason that they just don't gain traction.
Is that actually the "normal reason" most businesses fail? I'm not sure it is.
But you can't fake profits that way (without cooking the books); you can only fake revenue. That's why profits matter.
Though I guess with high velocity of money circulating in tight loops, everyone involved can feel rich. 1 million dollars changing hands once per day can potentially mint 365 'millionaires' during the course of a year. If they just pass it back and forth among themselves to buy each other's stocks and products and don't let that money escape their network to actually pay for something useful, they can all be millionaires... On paper.
Not to mention how relatively small amounts of money, moving at high velocity, can inflate asset prices... On Alice's birthday, Bob can buy 100 shares of Alice's shell company at a price of $10 per share. If Alice owns 1 million shares of the company (which she founded), it means that Alice's net worth is at least $10 million... It cost Bob only $1000 to give Alice a net worth of $10 million. Now imagine that same $1000 moving in and out of that company's stock, traded 1000 times per day between various people. With just $1000 circulating back-and-forth at high frequency (A.K.A. high-frequency trading), you can generate a trade volume of $1 million per day... So it all seems reasonable; a company with a $10 million valuation with $1 million daily trade volume... Nothing suspicious. So you can basically start a shell company and fake everything; from the market cap, to the trade volume; using only a relatively small amount of money. This is what they were doing in the early days of crypto.
The same money can hop around in circles between an insane number of people when it's just 'revenue' because revenue is not taxed (after expenses). Only profits are taxed... But the same money, as profit, can barely hop between 6 people before it's taxed down to just 10% of its original number. High-velocity revenue can severely distort people's perceptions of the market, especially in the era of media filter bubbles.
You can fake profits. Company A hands $1m to company B to buy equity in it. Company B hands the $1m to A to run ads on A.
Under GAAP (normal accounting) A has a profit.
In reality are they profiting? Who knows - it depends how A does as a business.
Damn. Didn't think of that. Seems I have a very naive definition of 'profit'.
It's crazy how all these small subtleties in definitions of various terms can create something so abominable in the aggregate. Makes one want to reach for a tinfoil hat. Not sure I can even trust the company which makes the tinfoil at this point.
> it means that Alice's net worth is at least $10 million...
Some people might interpret or represent the aforementioned transaction as justification for thinking Alice's net worth is at least $10M, but it is not an objective measure of Alice's purchasing power (as it would be in the case that Alice had $10M cash).
>The same money can hop around in circles between an insane number of people when it's just 'revenue' because revenue is not taxed (after expenses). Only profits are taxed
On the US federal level. Not sure about other countries, but quite a few other governments in the US do tax revenue.
https://taxfoundation.org/data/all/state/state-corporate-inc...
>Nevada, Ohio, Texas, and Washington impose gross receipts taxes instead of corporate income taxes. Delaware, Oregon, and Tennessee impose gross receipts taxes in addition to their corporate income taxes. Some localities in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia likewise impose gross receipts taxes, which are generally understood to be more economically harmful than corporate income taxes.
See also:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_receipts_tax