I had no idea there was a built-in way to make the filesystem case sensitive. My employer probably does not want me to spend time reinstalling my OS for this now but maybe next time I'm given a MacBook for a job I should do this...

You can make an apfs volume that’s case sensitive and mount it as your project directory/etc, no need to reinstall the whole OS.

Curiously, the iOS filesystem is case-sensitive. A bit of a trap for developers on macOS. I’d expect plenty of third-party stuff to break switching the system drive to case-sensitive.

Makes sense; the iOS filesystem isn't exposed to the user, but macOS' is.