Which game would that be apart from Minecraft?

Dwarf fortress, no man's sky, elite dangerous, ...

The combination of "many", "most popular", and "nothing" is overstating it by a wide margin but for example the majority of the vegetation in games as far back as oblivion was procedurally placed.

Battlefield 2 had procedural trees and terrain the year before. I think it more or less came with open world maps?

No Man's Sky, Terraria, Dead Cells, to name a few.

Dead Cells just arranges a few pre-designed rooms together for each stage, doesn't it?

If it does do that, it doesn't feel that way. I never found it particularly repetitive.

A recent example is Megabonk, a rouge-like with procedural levels. Each run is unique but the levels have a consistent theme.