Photoshop can do anything that you mentioned for many years now.
I wish using Darkroom more, but it is terrible in defaults. It's one of those software that is developed by enthusiastic programmers but ignore actual needs of photographers. You don't need tons of demosaic algorithms but none reliable selection tool.
Photoshop itself, without ACR, is light years behind in color processing. It's a dinosaur at this point. It had only one remotely competent grading plugin (Firegrade), but it seems abandoned.
Name some color process that cannot be done in PS. I'm recommending PS for color grading to be precise.
You can do anything in a hex editor. The question is how convenient it is.
Beside Adobe terms of use and implemented spyware, their software is convenient enough to justify monopoly on market.
Sure, editing via prompts or personalised automated actions would be ultimate convenience, but we are not here yet. Day by day software like those from Adobe or BlackMagic will be obsolete.
*not