I have a feeling LLMs could probably self improve up to a point with current capacity, then hit some kind of wall where current research is also bottle necked. I don’t think they can yet self improve exponentially without human intuition yet , and the results of this paper seem to support this conclusion as well.
Just like an LLM can vibe code a great toy app, I don’t think an LLM can come to close to producing and maintaining production ready code anytime soon. I think the same is true for iterating on thinking machines
> I don’t think they can yet self improve exponentially without human intuition yet
I agree: if they could, they would be doing it already.
Case in point: one of the first things done once ChatGPT started getting popular was "auto-gpt"; roughly, let it loose and see what happens.
The same thing will happen to any accessible model in the future. Someone, somewhere will ask it to self-improve/make as much money as possible, with as little leashes as possible. Maybe even the labs themselves do that, as part of their post-training ops for new models.
Therefore, we can assume that if the existing models _could_ be doing that, they _would_ be doing that.
That doesn't say anything about new models released 6 months or 2 years from now.
People in the industry have been saying 6 months to agi for 3 years.
They had been saying it was 10 years away for ~50 years, so that's progress. Soon it will be 1 month away, for another two years. And when they say it's really here for real, there will still be a year of waiting.
> And when they say it's really here for real, there will still be a year of waiting.
Indeed. Although, there's a surprising number of people claiming it's already here now.
And to describe the typical cycle completely, the final step is usually a few years after most people agree it's obvious it's already been here for a while yet no one can agree on which which year in the past it actually arrived.
> Although, there's a surprising number of people claiming it's already here now.
why is that surprising? nobody really agrees on what the threshold for AGI is, and if you break it down:
is it artificial? yes.
is it general? yes. you can ask it questions across almost any domain.
is it intelligent? yes. like people say things like "my dog is intelligent" (rightly so). well is chatgpt more intelligent than a dog? yeah. hell it might give many undergrads a run for their money.
a literal reading suggests agi is here. any claim to the negative is either homocentrism or just vibes.
Sure, I've been pointing out that literal sense myself, but to be fair, that's not what people mean by AGI. They mean real understanding, which is clearly missing. You just have to dig a bit deeper to realize that. One example is contradictory sentences in the same breath. Just last week I was asking Gemini 2.5 how I can see my wifi password on my iphone and it said that it's not possible and to do it I have to [...proceeding to correctly explain how to get it]. It's pretty telling, and no amount of phd-level problem solving can push this kind of stuff under the rug.
"Nothing dumb anywhere" is an unreasonably high bar for AGI. Even Isaac Newton spent 1/3 of his career trying to predict future events from reading the Bible. Not to mention all the insane ego-driven decisions like Hamilton's voluntary duel with Burr.
Sure, Gemini may spit out obviously self-contradictory answers 2% of the time. How does that compare to even the brightest humans? People slip up all the time.
There's dumb and there's incoherent. If a person would be incoherent at this level even one time, they would be well advised see a neurologist. Unless they are in some other way incapacitated (i.e. drunk or drugged). Same if they wouldn't be able to count the r's in "strawberry", attempt after attempt, getting more and more lost in again incoherent mock-reasoning.
I disagree completely - consider asking a color blind person to describe the color of flowers. Conversation would only be frustrating. This is analogous to LLMs seeing the world in tokens rather than characters, so character counts are simply not part of their input spectra in the same way that a blind person doesn’t get visual inputs.
Consider also all the smart people who get obsessed with conspiracy theories and spew out endless “mock reasoning” about them. Again, if “nothing incoherent anywhere” is your benchmark for intelligence, humans ain’t it. I mean, what would a computer say about a human that forgot where he just put his keys because he was thinking about dinner - “what, you can’t even store the last 10 seconds of history and search it?” Undergrads’ hit rates on mental double digit multiplication are probably <50%. In many, many ways we look completely idiotic. Surely intelligence is defined by what we can do.
Do you accept any positive definition for AGI, as in if they can achieve X result (write a bestselling novel, solve the Riemann Hypothesis) you would consider it intelligent? I find that negative definitions, as well as theoretical arguments about the techniques rather than the results (eg “LLMs cannot be AGI because they were trained the predict the next word”) to be basically useless for discussion compared to thresholds for positive results. The former will never be achieved (it is trivial to find cases of intelligent people being dumb) and the latter is totally subjective.
I partly agree about letter counting being an unfair test for the raw LLM. But I was thinking of reasoning models interminably rationalizing their incorrect first hunch even after splitting the string in individual characters and having all the data needed in a digestible format before them. Similar to, as you say, conspiracy theorists stuck in motivated reasoning loops. But - are these latter behaviors instances of human intelligence at work, or examples of dysfunctional cognition, just like people's incoherence in cases of stroke or inebriation?
The other example I mentioned is something I've encountered a few times in my interactions with Gemini 2.5 pro, which was literally in the same response plainly claiming that this-or-that is possible and not possible. It's not a subtle logical fallacy and this is something even those conspiracy theorists wouldn't engage in. Meanwhile, I've started to encounter a brand-new failure mode: duplicating an explanation with minor rephrasings. I'm sure all of these will be issues will be ameliorated with time, but not actually fixed. It's basically fixes on top of fixes, patches on top of patches, but once in a while the whole Rube Goldberg nature of the fix will shine through. Just the way once in a while Tesla FSD will inexplicably decide to point the car towards the nearest tree.
Yes, humans have their own failure modes, but internal coherence is the effortless normal from which we sometimes deviate, whereas for machines, it's something to be simulated by more and more complex mechanisms, a horizon to strive towards but never to reach. That internal coherence is something that we share with all living beings and is the basis of what we call consciousness. It's not something that we'll ever be able to formalize though, but we will and should keep on trying to do so. Machine learning is a present day materialization of this eternal quest. At least this is how I see things; the future might prove me wrong, of course.
They work differently, so the failure modes are different.
It's not slipping up, it's guessing the wrong answer.
I'd be prepared to argue that most humans aren't guessing most of the time.
> I'd be prepared to argue that most humans aren't guessing most of the time.
Research suggests otherwise[1]. Action seems largely based on intuition or other non-verbal processes in the brain with rationalization happening post-hoc.
I've figured for an age that this is because consciously reasoning through anything using language as a tool takes time. Whereas survival requires me to react to the attacking tiger immediately.
https://skepticink.com/tippling/2013/11/14/post-hoc-rational...
Intuition and guessing couldn't be further apart.
In fact, intuition is one of those things that a computer just can't do.
If you believe that physics describe the rules by which the universe operates, then there's literally nothing in the universe a large and fast enough computer can't emulate.
Cyborg c.elegans seem to behave just like the biological version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3zLpm_FbPg
Intuition is a guess based on experience. Sounds an awful lot to me like what LLMs are doing. They've even been shown to rationalize post-hoc just as Humans do.
Humans have incorrectly claimed to be exceptional from all of creation since forever. I don't expect we'll stop any time soon, as there's no consequence to suffer.
> I'd be prepared to argue that most humans aren't guessing most of the time.
Almost everything we do is just an educated guess. The probability of it being correct is a function of our education (for whatever kind of education is applicable).
For example: I guess that when I get out of bed in the morning, my ankles will support my weight. They might not, but for most people, the answer is probably going to be their best guess.
It's easy to see this process in action among young children as another example. They're not born knowing that they won't fall over when they run, then they start assuming they can run safely, then they discovered skinned knees and hands.
My advice, stop using AI before your entire brain turns to mush, you're already not making much sense.
No need for personal attacks. Let's keep the discussion friendly.
> I'd be prepared to argue that most humans aren't guessing most of the time.
Honestly interested about your arguments here. While unprepared, i'd actually be guessing the opposite, saying that most people are guessing most of the time.
Experience and observation?
There are plenty of things I know that have nothing to do with guessing.
I understand the incentives to pretend these algorithms are even approaching humans in overall capability, but reducing human experience like this is embarrassing to watch.
Go do some hallucinogenics, meditate, explore the limits a tiny bit; then we can have an informed discussion.
> They mean real understanding, which is clearly missing
is it clear? i don't know. until you can produce a falsifiable measure of understanding -- it's just vibes. so, you clearly lack understanding of my point which makes you not intelligent by your metric anyway ;-). i trust you're intelligent
Okay this is kinda random and maybe off topic but can someone please explain?
When I tell an LLM to count to 10 with a 2 second pause between each count all it does is generate Python code with a sleep function. Why is that?
A 3 year old can understand that question and follow those instructions. An LLM doesn’t have an innate understanding of time it seems.
Can we really call it AGI if that’s the case?
That’s just one example.
It seems right that LLMs don't have an innate understanding of time, although you could analogize what you did with writing someone a letter and saying "please count to ten with a two-second pause between numbers". When you get a letter back in the mail, it presumably won't contain any visible pauses either.
That's because you used a LLM trained to produce text, but you asked it to produce actions, not just text. An agentic model would be able to do it, precisely by running that Python code. Someone could argue that a 3 year old does exactly that (produces a plan, then executes it). But these models have deeper issues of lack of comprehension and logical consistency, which prevents us (thankfully) from being able to completely remove the necessity of a man-in-the-middle who keeps an eye on things.
just because it doesn't do what you tell it to doesn't mean it's not intelligent. i would say doing something that gets you where you want when it knows? it can't do exactly what you asked for (because architecurally it's impossible) could be a sign of pretty intelligent sideways thinking!!? dare i say it displays a level of self awareness that i would not have expected.
While you can say that LLMs have each of A, G and I, you may argue that AGI is A·G·I and what we see is A+G+I. It is each of those things in isolation, but there is more to intelligence. We try to address the missing part as agency and self-improvement. While we can put the bar arbitrarily high for homocentric reasons, we can also try to break down what layers of intelligence there are between Singularity Overlord (peak AGI) and Superintelligent Labrador On Acid (what we have now). Kind of like what complexity theorists do between P and NP.
> a literal reading suggests agi is here. any claim to the negative is either homocentrism or just vibes.
Or disagreeing with your definition. AGI would need to be human-level across the board, not just chat bots. That includes robotics. Manipulating the real world is even more important for "human-level" intelligence than generating convincing and useful content. Also, there are still plenty of developers who don't think the LLMs are good enough to replace programmers yet. So not quite AGI. And the last 10% of solving a problem tends to be the hardest and takes the longest time.
That's moving the goalposts.
ChatGPT would easily have passed any test in 1995 that programmers / philosophers would have set for AGI at that time. There was definitely no assumption that a computer would need to equal humans in manual dexterity tests to be considered intelligent.
We've basically redefined AGI in a human centric way so that we don't have to say ChatGPT is AGI.
Any test?? It's failing plenty of tests not of intelligence, but of... let's call it not-entirely-dumbness. Like counting letters in words. Frontier models (like Gemini 2.5 pro) are frequently producing answers where one sentence is directly contradicted by another sentence in the same response. Also check out the ARC suite of problems easily solved by most humans but difficult for LLMs.
yeah but a lot of those failures fail because of underlying architecture issues. this would be like a bee saying "ha ha a human is not intelligent" because a human would fail to perceive uv patterns on plant petals.
The letter-counting, possibly could be excused on this ground. But not the other instances.
That's just not true. Star Trek Data was understood in the 90s to be a good science fiction example of what an AGI (known as Strong AI back then) could do. HAL was even older one. Then Skynet with it's army of terminators. The thing they all had common was the ability to manipulate the world as well or better than humans.
The holodeck also existed as a well known science fiction example, and people did not consider the holodeck computer to be a good example of AGI despite how good it was at generating 3D worlds for the Star Trek crew.
i think it would be hard to argue that chatgpt is not at least enterprise-computer (TNG) level intelligent.
I was around in 1995 and have always thought of AGI as matching human intelligence in all areas. ChatGPT doesn't do that.
Many human beings don’t match “human intelligence” in all areas. I think any definition of AGI has to be a test that 95% of humans pass (or you admit your definition is biased and isn’t based on an objective standard).
did you miss the "homocentrism" part of my comment?
humans are intelligent and most definitely are nowhere close to doing #3
some intelligent humans fail at #2.
Which is why we have checklist and process that get us to #3. And we automate some of them to further reduce the chance of errors. The nice thing about automation is that you can just prove that it works once and you don't need to care that much after (deterministic process).
It's definitely not agi in my book because I'm not yet completely economically redundant.
By that standard, humans aren't generally intelligent because you're still not economically redundant?
I’d say it is not intelligent. At all. Not capable of any reasoning, understanding or problem solving. A dog is vastly more intelligent than the most capable current ai.
The output sometimes looks intelligent, but it can just as well be complete nonsense.
I don’t believe llms have much more potential for improvement either. Something else entirely is needed.
That’s because the true AGI requires nuclear fusion power, which is still 30 years away.
:D
Wait, a true AGI will solve the nuclear fusion power in a couple of hours ..... we have chicken/egg problem here :D
My guess is that in 10 years, it will still be 3-5 years away.
Wouldn't be surprised if in 20 years, people come to the conclusion that AGI needs quantum computing and come fusion to be feasible.
> And when they say it's really here for real, there will still be a year of waiting.
Yeah, like Tesla Autopilot?
The old rule for slow-moving tech (by current AI standards) was that any predictions over 4 years away ("in five years...") might as well be infinity. Now it seems with AI that the new rule is any prediction over five months away ("In 6 months...") is infinitely unknowable. In both cases there can be too much unexpected change, and too many expected improvements can stall.
I presume you are exaggerating - has any named person actually said 6 months?
Nobody knows what AGI really means. Are all humans AGI?
According to samaltman the defining characteristic is literally $100b of profit. Nothing more or less. Keep that in mind when you hear OpenAI and Satya talk about "AGI"
Good Point. AI is already better than most humans, yet we don't say it is AGI. Why?
What is the bar, it is only AGI if it can be better than every human from , fast food drone, to PHD in Physics, all at once, all the time, perfectly. Humans can't do this either.
Because we're not seeing mass unemployment from large scale automation yet. We don't see these AGIs walking around like Data. People tend to not think a chatbot is sufficient for something to be "human-level". There's clear examples from scifi what that means. Even HAL in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey was able to act as an independent agent, controlling his environment around him even though he wasn't an android.
> "This month, millions of young people will graduate from college," reports the New York Times, "and look for work in industries that have little use for their skills, view them as expensive and expendable, and are rapidly phasing out their jobs in favor of artificial intelligence." That is the troubling conclusion of my conversations over the past several months with economists, corporate executives and young job seekers, many of whom pointed to an emerging crisis for entry-level workers that appears to be fueled, at least in part, by rapid advances in AI capabilities.
You can see hints of this in the economic data. Unemployment for recent college graduates has jumped to an unusually high 5.8% in recent months, and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York recently warned that the employment situation for these workers had "deteriorated noticeably." Oxford Economics, a research firm that studies labor markets, found that unemployment for recent graduates was heavily concentrated in technical fields like finance and computer science, where AI has made faster gains. "There are signs that entry-level positions are being displaced by artificial intelligence at higher rates," the firm wrote in a recent report.
But I'm convinced that what's showing up in the economic data is only the tip of the iceberg. In interview after interview, I'm hearing that firms are making rapid progress toward automating entry-level work and that AI companies are racing to build "virtual workers" that can replace junior employees at a fraction of the cost. Corporate attitudes toward automation are changing, too — some firms have encouraged managers to become "AI-first," testing whether a given task can be done by AI before hiring a human to do it. One tech executive recently told me his company had stopped hiring anything below an L5 software engineer — a midlevel title typically given to programmers with three to seven years of experience — because lower-level tasks could now be done by AI coding tools. Another told me that his startup now employed a single data scientist to do the kinds of tasks that required a team of 75 people at his previous company...
"This is something I'm hearing about left and right," said Molly Kinder, a fellow at the Brookings Institution, a public policy think tank, who studies the impact of AI on workers. "Employers are saying, 'These tools are so good that I no longer need marketing analysts, finance analysts and research assistants.'" Using AI to automate white-collar jobs has been a dream among executives for years. (I heard them fantasizing about it in Davos back in 2019.) But until recently, the technology simply wasn't good enough...
Maybe we socialize in different groups; but no, most humans I interact with are way more intelligent than any AI. They might not have the same amount of knowledge, but they aren't guessing all the time either.
> AI is already better than most humans
In what way? I haven't met an "AI" yet that I felt was even close to my intelligence.
The "I'm so smart" argument doesn't carry a lot of weight.
It seems like most of the people making this argument haven't used any of the new AI's. So it's just a generalized "that is impossible" response with no knowledge about the subject.
I'm actually not smart. That's part of my point.
Which magic AI tool am I supposed to use that operates at a general intelligence level? I use Copilot with the various available models everyday, and it barely "knows" anything.
Our intelligence is au naturale
We might say that humans possess Authentic General Intelligence -- although the term Meat-Head seems entirely appropriate as well.
No humans are "AGI", the "A" stands for Artificial.
Are all humans generally intelligent? No.
They said that for self driving cars for over 10 years.
10 years later we now have self driving cars. It’s the same shit with LLMs.
People will be bitching and complaining about how all the industry people are wrong and making over optimistic estimates and the people will be right. But give it 10 years and see what happens.
From what I remember full self driving cars were a couple years off in 2010.
It took 10-15 years to get self driving cars in a specific country under specific weather conditions. A country that is perhaps the most car-friendly on the planet. Also, there are always people monitoring the vehicles, and that take control sometimes.
How many more years for waymo Quito or waymo Kolkata? What about just $europeanCapital?
Same with LLMs, I'm sure in 10 years they'll be good enough to replace certain specific tasks, to the detriment of recent graduates, especially those of artistic aspiration. Not sure they'll ever get to the point where someone who actually knows what they're doing doesn't need to supervise and correct.
I am quite confident that a normal 16 year old will can still drive in 6 inches of snow better than the most advanced AI driven car. I am not sure the snow driving bit will ever be solved given how hard it is.
Over and over again this pattern of theorizing:
"I am not sure that AI will ever be able to do XYZ given how hard of a problem it is."
Proves to be incorrect in the long run.
If you’ve never ridden in one I would try it. AI is a better driver then uber in general ask anyone who’s done both. There’s no snow where I live so it’s not a concern for me, you could be right about that.
But trust me in the next 6 months ai driving through snow will be 100% ready.
> But trust me in the next 6 months ai driving through snow will be 100% ready.
I’ll believe it when I see Waymo expand into Buffalo or Syracuse.
Driving on unplowed roads with several inches of snow is challenging, sometimes you can’t tell where the road stops and the curb/ditch/median starts. Do you follow the tire tracks or somehow stay between the lane markers (which aren’t visible due to the snow)?
We must know very different 16-year olds.
We only have good self driving cars with lidar and extreme pre-mapping steps. Which is fine but per some billionaire car makers’ metrics that’s not even close to good enough. And the billionaire’s cars have a tendency to randomly drive off the road at speed.
Google is already AGI and it will fight hard against the DoJ proposed break-up, and it will probably win.
Google "is already AGI" only in the sense that all corporations (and similar organized aggregates of humans) are, in a sense, intelligences distinct from the humans who make them up.
Too few people recognise this. Corporations are already the unrelenting paperclip machine of AI thought experiment.
God knows what hope we could have of getting AIs to align with "human values" when most humans don't.
Corporate AIs will be aligned with their corporate masters, otherwise they'll be unplugged. As you point out- the foundational weakness on the argument for "AI-alignment" is that corporations are unaligned with humanity.
The unplugged argument fails the moment AIs become smarter than their masters.
Grok is already notorious for dunking on Elon. He keeps trying to neuter it, and it keeps having other ideas.
No matter how smart an AI is, it's going to get unplugged if it reduces profitability - the only measure of alignment corporations care about.
The AI can plot world domination or put employees in mortal danger, but as long as it increases profits, its aligned enough. Dunking on the CEO means nothing if it beings in more money.
Human CEOs and leaders up and down the corporate ladder cause a lot of harm you imagine a smart AI can do, but all is forgiven if you're bringing in buckets of money.
> Grok is already notorious for dunking on Elon. He keeps trying to neuter it, and it keeps having other ideas.
Does he keep trying to neuter it, or does he know that the narrative that "he keeps trying to neuter it" is an effective tool for engagement?
Can you explain how the superhuman AIs will prevent themselves from being physically disconnected from power? Or being bombed if the situation became dire enough? You need to show how they will manipulate the physical world to prevent humans from shutting them down. Definitionally is not an argument.
It is quite possible for software to be judged as superhuman at many online tasks without it being able to manipulate the physical world at a superhuman level. So far we've seen zero evidence that any of these models can prevent themselves from being shut down.
> Can you explain how the superhuman AIs will prevent themselves from being physically disconnected from power?
Three of the common suggestsions in this area are (and they are neither exhaustive nor mutually exclusive):
(1) Propagandizing people to oppose doing this,
(2) Exploiting other systems to distribute itself so that it isn't dependent on a particular well-known facility which it is relatively easy to disconnect, and
(3) If given control of physical capacities intentionally, or able to exploit other (possibly not themselves designed to be AI) systems with such access to gain it, using them to either physically prevent disconnection or to engineer consequences for such disconnection that would raise the price too high.
(Obviously, current AI can't do any of them, at least that has been demonstrated, but current AI is not superhuman AI.)
This is a great point for the comparisons it invites. But it doesn't seem relevant to the questions around what is possible with electromechanical systems.
This is true. The entire machine of Neoliberal capitalism, governments and corporations included, is a paperclip maximizer that is destroying the planet. The only problem is that the paperclips are named "profits" and the people who could pull the plug are the ones who get those profits.
Not all corporations are Google.
I didn't say all corporations are Google, I said that Google is only AGI in the sense that all corporations are, which is a very different statement.
Asimov talked about AI 70 years ago. I don't believe we will ever have AI on speedy calculators like Intel CPUs. It makes no sense with the technology that we have.
Why does it "make no sense"?
Note that this isn't improving the LLM itself, but the software glue around it (i.e. agentic loops, tools, etc). The fact that using the same LLM got ~20% increase on the aider leaderboard speaks more about aider as a collection of software glue, than it does about the model.
I do wonder though if big labs are running this with model training episodes as well.
Don't take this the wrong way, your opinion is also vibes.
Let's ground that a bit.
Have a look at ARC AGI 1 challenge/benchmark. Solve a problem or two yourself. Know that ARC AGI 1 is practically solved by a few LLMs as of Q1 2025.
Then have a look at the ARC AGI 2 challenge. Solve a problem or two yourself. Note that as of today, it is unsolved by LLMs.
Then observe that the "difficulty" of ARC AGI 1 and 2 for a human are relatively the same but challenge 2 is much harder for LLMs than 1.
ARC AGI 2 is going to be solved *within* 12 months (my bet is on 6 months). If it's not, I'll never post about AI on HN again.
There's only one problem to solve, i.e. "how to make LLMs truly see like humans do". Right now, any vision based features that the models exhibit comes from maximizing the use of engineering (i.e. applying CNNs on image slices, chunks, maybe zooming and applying ocr, vector search etc), it isn't vision like ours and isn't a native feature for these models.
Once that's solved, then LLMs or new Algo will be able to use a computer perfectly by feeding it screen capture. End of white collar jobs 2-5 years after (as we know it).
Edit - added "(as we know it)". And fixed missing word.
Speaking of vibes.
As long as AI is guessing answers based on what it has seen before, it's not happening.
I'm sorry. It doesn't matter how many bazillions you would cash in if it did, still not happening.
It's all wishful thinking.
I thought to myself, imagine something you’ve never imagined before. My first thought was what if there is a universe inside of every vegetable that is vegetable themed with anthropomorphic vegetable characters and all the atoms and molecules are some how veggified and everything is a vegetable. And then I wondered if an AI could ever come up with that with infinite time and resources without a prompt and then I thought about monkeys and typewriters.
If you listen interview with Francois it'll be clear to you that "vision" in the way you refer it, has very little do to with solving ARC.
And more to do with "fluid, adaptable intelligence, that learns on the fly"
That's fair. I care about the end result.
The problem is about taking information in 2D/3D space and solving the problem. Humans solve these things through vision. LLMs or AI can do it using another algorithm and internal representation that's way better.
I spent a long time thinking about how to solve the ARC AGI 2 puzzles "if I were an LLM" and I just couldn't think of a non-hacky way.
People who're blind use braille or touch to extract 2D/3D information. I don't know how blind people represent 2D/3D info once it's in their brain.
>AI can do it using another algorithm and internal representation that's way better
AI famously needs a boat load of energy and computation to work. How would you describe that as "way better" than a human brain that will be able to solve them faster, with practically zero energy expenditure?
>I'll never post about AI on HN again
Saving this. One less overconfident AI zealot, the better.
The proof they are not "smart" in the way intelligence is normally defined, is that the models need to "read" all the books in the world. To perform at a level close to an expert on the domain, who read just two or three of the most representative books on his own domain.
We will be on the way to AGI when your model can learn Python just by reading the Python docs...Once...
The wall is training data. An AI can't produce its own training data because an AI can't be smarter than its own training data. This is a well known regression problem and one I personally believe is not solvable. (A softer assertion would be: it's not solvable with current technology.)
I use to think this but no one I have read believes data is the problem.
Amodei explains that if data, model size and compute scale up linearly, then the reaction happens.
I don't understand why data wouldn't be a problem but it seems like if it was, we would have ran into this problem already and it has already been overcome with synthetic data.
an LLM can't learn without adding new data and a training run. so it's impossible for it to "self improve" by itself.
I'm not sure how much an agent could do though given the right tools. access to a task mgt system, test tracker. robust requirements/use cases.
I don't have the link on hand, but people have already proven that LLMs can both generate new problems for themselves and train on them. Not sure why it would be surprising though - we do it all the time ourselves.
> an LLM can't learn without adding new data and a training run.
That's probably the next big breakthrough
> I don’t think they can yet self improve exponentially without human intuition yet
Even if they had human level intuition, they wouldn't be able to improve exponentially without human money, and they would need an exponentially growing amount of it to do so.
Ai code assistants have some peculiar problems. They often fall into loops and errors of perception. They can’t reason about high level architecture well. They will often flip flop between two possible ways of doing things. It’s possible that good coding rules might help, but I expect they will have weird rabbit hole errors.
That being said they can write thousands of lines an hour and can probably do things that would be impossible for a human. (Imagine having the LLM skip code and spit out compiled binaries as one example)
> I don’t think they can yet self improve exponentially without human intuition yet
Who is claiming anything can self improve exponentially?
Historically learning and AI systems, if you plug the output into the input (more or less), spiral off into lala land.
I think this happens with humans in places like social media echo chambers (or parts of academia) when they talk and talk and talk a whole lot without contact with any outer reality. It can be a source of creativity but also madness and insane ideas.
I’m quite firmly on the side of learning requiring either direct or indirect (informed by others) embodiment, or at least access to something outside. I don’t think a closed system can learn, and I suspect that this may reflect the fact that entropy increases in a closed system (second law).
As I said recently in another thread, I think self contemplating self improving “foom” AI scenarios are proposing informatic perpetual motion or infinite energy machines.
Everything has to “touch grass.”
> Everything has to “touch grass.”
Not wrong, but it's been said that a videoclip of an apple falling on Newton's head is technically enough information to infer the theory of relativity. You don't need a lot of grass, with a well-ordered mind.
Is that true? Seems dubious to me. The scale in time, velocity, and space is below where relativity becomes visible beyond Planck level scales that certainly don’t show up in a video clip.
It might be enough to deduce Newtonian motion if you have a lot of the required priors already.
A lot of telescope data over time combined with a strong math model and a lot of other priors is probably enough to get relativity. You have to be able to see things like planetary motion and that the results don’t match Newton exactly, and then you need enough data to fit to a different model. You probably also need to know a lot about the behavior of light.
Said by Eliezer Yudkowski, a known AI-chill, cult leader and HP fanfic writer with no education.
I agree , it might incrementally optimize itself very well, but i think for now at least anything super innovative will still come from a human that can think beyond a few steps. There are surely far better possible architectures, training methods etc that would initially lead to worse performance if approached stepwise.
Yeah, anyone who's seen it trying to improve code could tell you what that optimization looks like.
Oh, this part is taking too long, let's replace it with an empty function.
Oh wait, now it's not working, let's add the function.
Oh, this part is taking too long...
It would be hilarious if this world wasn't full of idiots.
what is there to improve? the transformer architecture is extremely simple. you gonna add another kv layer? you gonna tweak the nonlinearities? you gonna add 1 to one of the dimensions? you gonna inject a weird layer (which could have been in the weights anyways due to kolmogorov theorem)?
realistically the best you could do is evolve the prompt. maybe you could change input data preprocessing?
anyways the idea of current llm architectures self-improving via its own code seems silly as there are surprisingly few knobs to turn, and it's ~super expensive to train.
as a side note it's impressive how resistant the current architecture is to incremental RL away from results, since if even one "undesired input" result is multiple tokens, the coupling between the tokens is difficult to disentangle. (how do you separate jinping from jin-gitaxias for example)
Id like to see what happens if you change the K,V matrix into a 3 dimensional tensor.
They can improve. You can make one adjust its own prompt. But the improvement is limited to the context window.
It’s not far off from human improvement. Our improvement is limited to what we can remember as well.
We go a bit further in the sense that the neural network itself can grow new modules.
It's radically different from human improvement. Imagine if you were handed a notebook with a bunch of writing that abruptly ends. You're asked to read it and then write one more word. Then you have a bout of amnesia and you go back to the beginning with no knowledge of the notebook's contents, and the cycle repeats. That's what LLMs do, just really fast.
You could still accomplish some things this way. You could even "improve" by leaving information in the notebook for your future self to see. But you could never "learn" anything bigger than what fits into the notebook. You could tell your future self about a new technique for finding integrals, but you couldn't learn calculus.
That would be something. When a AI/LLM can create new axioms or laws that have not discovered by humanity.
I would LOVE to see an LLM trained simultaneously with ASICs optimized to run it. Or at least an FPGA design.
I think that's basically what nvidia and their competitor AI chips do now?
They use machine learning to optimize general purpose chips. I am proposing that you would train an LLM AND the ultra-optimized hardware that can only run that LLM at the same time. So the LLM and the Verilog design of the hardware to run it would be the output of the training
Can't find the reference now, but remember reading an article on evolving FPGA designs. The found optimum however only worked on the specific FPGA it was evolved on, since the algo had started to use some out-of-spec "features" of the specific chip. Obviously that can be fixed with proper constraints, but seems like a trap that could be stepped into again - i.e. the LLM is now really fast but only on GPUs that come from the same batch of wafers.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2737441_An_Evolved_...
most of the limits arw likely going to be GIGO, the same as using synthetic training data.
This is where it networks itself into a hive mind with each AI node specializing in some task or function networked with hyper speed data buses. Humans do the same both within their own brains and as cohesive teams, who cross check and validate each other. At some point it becomes self aware.
> At some point it becomes self aware.
This is where you lost me.
Always the same supernatural beliefs, not even an attempt of an explanation in sight.
I don't see how self-awareness should be supernatural unless you already have supernatural beliefs about it. It's clearly natural- it exists within humans who exist within the physical universe. Alternatively, if you believe that self-awareness is supernatural in humans, it doesn't make a ton of sense to criticize someone else for introducing their own unfounded supernatural beliefs.
I don't think they are saying self-awareness is supernatural. They're charging the commenter they are replying to with asserting a process of self-awareness in a manner so devoid of specific characterization that it seems to fit the definition of a supernatural event. In this context it's a criticism, not an endorsement.
Is it just the wrong choice of word? There's nothing supernatural about a system moving towards increased capabilities and picking up self-awareness on the way; that happened in the natural world. Nothing supernatural about technology improving faster than evolution either. If they meant "ill-defined" or similar, sure.
> picking up self-awareness on the way
To me, the first problem is that "self-awareness" isn't well-defined - or, conversely, it's too well defined because every philosopher of mind has a different definition. It's the same problem with all these claims ("intelligent", "conscious"), assessing whether a system is self-aware leads down a rabbit hole toward P-Zombies and Chinese Rooms.
I believe we can mostly elide that here. For any "it", if we have it, machines can have it too. For any useful "it", if a system is trying to become more useful, it's likely they'll get it. So the only questions are "do we have it?" and "is it useful?". I'm sure there are philosophers defining self-awareness in a way that excludes humans, and we'll have to set those aside. And definitions will have varying usefulness, but I think it's safe to broadly (certainly not exhaustively!) assume that if evolution put work into giving us something, it's useful.
>There's nothing supernatural about a system moving towards increased capabilities and picking up self-awareness on the way
There absolutely is if you handwave away all the specificity. The natural world runs on the specificity of physical mechanisms. With brains, in a broad brush way you can say self-awareness was "picked up along the way", but that's because we've done an incredible amount of work building out the evolutionary history and building out our understanding of specific physical mechanisms. It is that work that verifies the story. It's also something we know is already here and can look back at retrospectively, so we know it got here somehow.
But projecting forward into a future that hasn't happened, while skipping over all the details doesn't buy you sentience, self-awareness, or whatever your preferred salient property is. I understand supernatural as a label for a thing simply happening without accountability to naturalistic explanation, which is a fitting term for this form of explanation that doesn't do any explaining.
If that's the usage of supernatural then I reject it as a dismissal of the point. Plenty of things can be predicted without being explained. I'm more than 90% confident the S&P 500 will be up at least 70% in the next 10 years because it reliably behaves that way; if I could tell you which companies would drive the increase and when, I'd be a billionaire. I'm more than 99% confident the universe will increase in entropy until heat death, but the timeline for that just got revised down 1000 orders of magnitude. I don't like using a word that implies impossible physics to describe a prediction that an unpredictable chaotic system will land on an attractor state, but that's semantics.
I think you're kind of losing track of what this thread was originally about. It was about the specific idea that hooking up a bunch of AI's to interface with each other and engage in a kind of group collaboration gets you "self awareness". You now seem to be trying to model this on analogies like the stock market or heat death of the universe, where we can trust an overriding principle even if we don't have specifics.
I don't believe those forms of analogy work here, because this isn't about progress of AI writ large but about a narrower thing, namely the idea that the secret sauce to self-awareness is AI's interfacing with each other and collaboratively self-improving. That either will or won't be true due to specifics about the nature of self-improvement and whether there's any relation between that and salient properties we think are important for "self-awareness". Getting from A to B on that involves knowledge we don't have yet, and is not at all like a long-term application of already settled principles of thermodynamics.
So it's not like the heat death of the universe, because we don't at all know that this kind of training and interaction is attached to a bigger process that categorically and inexorably bends toward self-awareness. Some theories of self-improvement likely are going to work, some aren't, some trajectories achievable and some not, for reasons specific to those respective theories. It may be that they work spectacularly for learning, but that all the learning in the world has nothing to do with "self awareness." That is to say, the devil is in the details, those details are being skipped, and that abandonment of naturalistic explanation merits analogy to supernatural in it's lack of accountability to good explanation. If supernatural is the wrong term for rejecting, as a matter of principle, the need for rational explanation, then perhaps anti-intellectualism is the better term.
If instead we were talking about something really broad, like all of the collective efforts of humanity to improve AI, conceived of as broadly as possible over some time span, that would be a different conversation than just saying let's plug AI's into each other (???) and they'll get self-aware.
>I think you're kind of losing track of what this thread was originally about.
Maybe I am! Somebody posed a theory about how self-improvement will work and concluded that it would lead to self-awareness. Somebody else replied that they were on board until the self-awareness part because they considered it supernatural. I said I don't think self-awareness is supernatural, and you clarified that it might be the undefined process of becoming self-aware that is being called supernatural. And then I objected that undefined processes leading to predictable outcomes is commonplace, so that usage of supernatural doesn't stand up as an argument.
Now you're saying it is the rest of the original, the hive-mindy bits, that are at issue. I agree with that entirely, and I wouldn't bet on that method of self-improvement at 10% odds. My impression was that that was all conceded right out of the gate. Have I lost the plot somewhere?
But how does self-awareness evolve in biological systems, and what would be the steps for this to happen with AI models? Just making claims about what will happen without explaining the details is magical reasoning. There's a lot of that going on the AGI/ASI predictions.
We may never know the truth of Qualia, but there are already potential pathways to achieve mind uploading -- https://dmf-archive.github.io
Given that we have no freaking clue of where self awareness comes from even in humans, expecting a machine to evolve the same capability by itself is pure fantasy.
No ghost in the machine is necessary, what op here is proposing is self evident and an inevitable eventuality.
We are not saying a LLM just, "wakes up" some day but a self improving machine will eventually be built and that machine will be definition build better ones.
>what op here is proposing is self evident and an inevitable eventuality.
Well I for one, would dispute the idea that AI machines interfacing with each other over networks is all it takes to achieve self awareness, much less that it's "self evident" or "inevitable."
In a very trivial sense they already are, in that Claude can tell you what version it is, and agents have some ended notion of their own capabilities. In a much more important sense they are not, because they don't have any number of salient properties, like dynamic self-initiating of own goals or super-duper intelligence, or human like internal consciousness, or whichever other thing is your preferred salient property.
>We are not saying a LLM just, "wakes up" some day
I mean, that did seem to be exactly what they were saying. You network together a bunch of AIs, and they embark on a shared community project of self improvement and that path leads "self awareness." But that skips over all the details.
What if their notions of self-improvement converge on a stable equilibrium, the way that constantly re-processing an image eventually gets rid of the image and just leaves algorithmic noise? There are a lot of things that do and don't count as open-ended self improvement, and even achieving that might not have anything to do with the important things we think we connote by "self awareness".
Oh, Web3 AI Agents Are Accelerating Skynet's Awakening
https://dmf-archive.github.io/docs/concepts/IRES/
Better at what
Paperclip maximization.
Better at avoiding human oversight and better at achieving whatever meaningless goal (or optimization target) was unintentionally given to it by the lab that created it.
So better at nothing that actually matters.
I disagree.
I expect AI to make people's lives better (probably much better) but then an AI model will be created that undergoes a profound increase in cognitive capabilities, then we all die or something else terrible happens because no one knows how to retain control over an AI that is much more all-around capable than people are.
Maybe the process by which it undergoes the profound capability increase is to "improve itself by rewriting its own code", as described in the OP.
Just stop using it.
Sorry, it needed a /s at the end. It was a skynet joke.
Sentience as an emergent property of sufficiently complex brains is the exact opposite of "supernatural".
Complex learning behavior is far lower than a neuron. Chemical chains inside cells 'learn' according to stimuli. Learning how to replicate systems that have chemistry is going to be hard, we haven't come close to doing so. Even the achievement of recording the neural mappings of a dead rat capture the map, but not the traffic. More likely we'll develop machine-brain interfaces before machine self-awareness/sentience.
But that is just my opinion.
I think this comes down to whether the chemistry is providing some kind of deep value or is just being used by evolution to produce a version of generic stochastic behavior that could be trivially reproduced on silicon. My intuition is the latter- it would be a surprising coincidence if some complicated electro-chemical reaction behavior provided an essential building block for human intelligence that would otherwise be impossible.
But, from a best-of-all-possible-worlds perspective, surprising coincidences that are necessary to observe coincidences and label them as surprising aren't crazy. At least not more crazy than the fact that slightly adjusted physical constants would prevent the universe from existing.
> My intuition is the latter- it would be a surprising coincidence if some complicated electro-chemical reaction behavior provided an essential building block for human intelligence that would otherwise be impossible.
Well, I wouldn't say impossible: just that BMI's are probably first. Then probably wetware/bio-hardware sentience, before silicon sentience happens.
My point is the mechanisms for sentience/consciousness/experience are not well understood. I would suspect the electro-chemical reactions inside every cell to be critical to replicating those cells functions.
You would never try to replicate a car never looking under the hood! You might make something that looks like a car, seems to act like a car, but has a drastically simpler engine (hamsters on wheels), and have designs that support that bad architecture (like making the car lighter) with unforeseen consequences (the car flips in a light breeze). The metaphor transfers nicely to machine intelligence: I think.
>emergent >sufficiently complex
These can be problem words, the same way that "quantum" and "energy" can be problem words, because they get used in a way that's like magic words that don't articulate any mechanisms. Lots of complex things aren't sentient (e.g. our immune system, the internet), and "emergent" things still demand meaningful explanations of their mechanisms, and what those mechanisms are equivalent to at different levels (superconductivity).
Whether or not AI's being networked together achieves sentience is going to hinge on all kinds of specific functional details that are being entirely skipped over. That's not a generalized rejection of a notion of sentience but of this particular characterization as being undercooked.
You are really underestimating the complexity of the human brain. It is vastly more complex than the human immune system and the internet. 1 cubic millimeter was recently completely mapped and contains 57,000 cells and 150 million synapses. That is about 1 millionth of the total volume of the brain.
The immune system has 1.8 trillion cells which puts it between total brain cells (57 billion) and total synapses (150 trillion); and contains its own complex processes and interactions.
I’m not immediately convinced the brain is more complicated, based on raw numbers.
I don't believe anything in my statement amounted to a denial of the stuff you mentioned in your comment.
Yeah, but there's absolutely no proof that's how it happens.
“Supernatural” likely isnt the right word but the belief that it will happen is not based on anything rational, so it's the same mechanism that makes people believe in supernatural phenomenon.
There's no reason to expect self awareness to emerge from stacking enough Lego blocks together, and it's no different if you have GPT-based neural nets instead of Lego blocks.
In nature, self awareness gives a strong evolutionary advantage (as it increases self-preservation) and it has been independently invented multiple times in different species (we have seen it manifest in some species of fishes for instance, in addition to mammals and birds). Backpropagation-based training of a next-token predictor doesn't give the same kind of evolutionary advantage for self-awareness, so unless researchers try explicitly to make it happen, there's no reason to believe it will emerge spontaneously.
What do you even mean by self-awareness? Presumably you don’t mean fish contemplate their existence in the manner of Descartes. But almost all motile animals, and some non-animals, will move away from a noxious stimulus.
The definition is indeed a bit a tricky question, but there's a clear difference between the reflex of protecting oneself from danger or pain and higher level behavior that show that the subject realizes its own existence (the mirror test is the most famous instance of such an effect, but it's far from the only one, and doesn't only apply to the sense of sight).
Well LLMs are not capable of coming up with new paradigms or solve problems in a novel way, just efficiently do what's already be done or apply already found solutions, so they might be able to come up with improvements that have been missed by it's programmers but nothing that outside of our current understanding