In my experience R&D has basically two axes: how innovative it is, and how well we can measure the results.

For the quadrant of non-innovative tasks where we already have a good way to measure performance, Claude can handle this. There is very little ambiguity, and we are basically just looking to maximize some metric under a set of constraints.

Many business processes are not like that. They might be conceptually simple, but it isn’t that easy to say whether a system has done a good job or not. I would say that LLMs can help with this a lot but they have bad judgement because it requires talking to people.

And the other, perhaps more rare issue is in problems where there is data but actually modeling it to sufficient quality or fast enough is hard.