I'm surprised that so far nobody has mentioned using one for a password store. The 'pass' utility has git integration and encourages you to have a git remote somewhere to host a duplicate of your encrypted store. For over a decade I have had a cloud VM costing a few cents a month to do this.

I would be terrified of the server being breached and having my passwords/key material leaked.

Well the passwords are GPG encrypted, so they'd need your private key too, not just breach the server. What sites you have accounts on is visible though.

Where is it hosted that costs a few cents per month?

Uh, where are you getting a “cloud VM” for a few cents per month?

Not the OP but https://lowendbox.com/blog/1-vps-1-usd-vps-per-month/ lists multiple for around $10/year. I'd say that is more than a few cents per month but it is less than a dollar...

That's probably because `pass` is a dumb idea if you have a phone or a Windows PC and want to access your passwords there.

There are great clients for both phones and windows machines.