What hospitals makes has nothing to do with physician pay - those are separate categories. Hospitals aren’t going to magically start giving some of their profit to doctors to help cover their lower fees.

OP makes a good point. The studies assumes two diametrically opposed things will happen - doctors will take a 50% pay cut but access to primary care physicians will increase.

Why would we solve the primary care physician shortage by cutting their pay?

Allow/force medical schools to grow, increasing the provider pool, thereby reducing their pay?