The Amazon Fire Phone did this in 2014. I'm not aware of any prior art in mainstream devices aside from gimmicks like 3D (stereoscopic) photos. I can't remember if the Fire Phone had any relevant gimmicks but it certainly used multiple lenses to produce a single image.
UAV sensor people made a thing that uses 300+ phone size sensors in a single pod, and software workflow to fuse the output together. It's been around quite a few years now.
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=ARGUS+pho...
Ah yes, how could I forget the ARGUS-IS, a household staple of the early 21st century. Those were the days...
I keep an extra one next to my panini press, the image quality from the whiteboard notes area on my fridge has never been sharper!