I can explain what the void coefficient is, why it is a dangerous simplification, why neutron moderation is needed, how it is typically controlled, why BWR reactors are inherently less stable than PWR. etc. it's simple really. All the while I have never had anything to do with nuclear power professionally or studied specifically it.
I might have overstated a bit, but by 9th grade (15 year old) this is what was taught to us back then.
> why neutron moderation is needed
What you learned, was it more like:
1. "You need to slow down neutrons so they can react"
or 2. "Here's the graphs of how the neutron absorption and scattering cross sections vary with neutron temperature for H-1, H-2, H-3, Be-9, C-12, O-16, Fe-54, Fe-56, Fe-57, U-233, U-235, U-238, Pu-239, …"
If it was the former, you didn't learn "nuclear engineering".
ofc, you can't even start talking about moderation and not mention cross-sections
(which is a simplification in itself, but that's best left until 2nd-3rd year in uni)
But for general understanding, .. there is stuff that slows neutrons. some is more effective, some less. There is also activation. It is why tanks and ifvs were lined with polyethylene or similar on the inside back in cold war - it had lots of hydrogen. But for controlling a power plant that is not enough - why?
and then we answer why.
I'm pretty confident that no 15 year old would have learned about void coefficients if Chernobyl hadn't happened.
Man you went to a way cooler high school than me. I definitely was not taught anything that would help me understand how a nuclear reactor work.
Not even basic thermodynamics?
having a lab assignment detecting beta-emission from 40-K (potassium-40 salt) is of course unthinkable nowadays. or idk, assembling a interferometer out of a HeNe laser for example. Whoa, no! Kids can get hurt!