This is an old problem in philosophy, one that the pre-LLM systems were interested in, which got completely bypassed by the present approach. What is knowledge? It's not a simple question even for humans, we don't have a magic truth detector in the brain.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/
This is why LLMs are more successful in programming than other disciplines: it's easier to assess correctness of results, through proofs, typechecking, and testing. Similarly for maths and applied maths. Much harder in the humanities.
> successful in programming than other disciplines
It seems successful specifically in "computer science", for "programming" which encompasses a much wider field, "successful" is still up for debate. Also, we haven't even figured out yet what "success" even means in a software development process, for some it's that the program does everything the users want, in the way they expect, for other's, it's about correctness, reliability, performance, composability, maintainability and/or a whole host of other "measures".