In my area of the UK at least, the house layouts of houses built last year aren't appreciably different from those built 200 years ago. That's specifically comparing detached and semi-detached houses. Terraces are a bit different now.
> then use wood and plasterboard for room walls and floor
One of the things I LIKE about older houses is that the interior walls are more solid than plasterboard. There is zero plasterboard in my house and brick gives far better noise insulation than anything timber framed.
Well, better than most timber frames. If you were to ask for a truly soundproof wall you are likely to get a timber frame in two layers with rockwool fill and double thickness plasterboard.
It was also common to build lathe and plaster covered interior partitions in the past. Way before plasterboard.
A modern one off house may well have concrete block downstairs walls to hold the floor up. Albeit, they may get covered with plasterboard 'dabbed on' anyway, to reduce drying time