It required a little bit of messing with optimisation settings and library generation in Rust, but they emit very very similar x86-64 assembly:

https://godbolt.org/z/89W4srz4d

Nice, thank you for picking up after my laziness. Surely only a few bytes different in the binary, and much, much smaller of a delta than the source.

You can further reduce the difference by passing Expr by pointer in the C version. At that point I think the only difference in the assembly is the order in which the cases are handed.

Ah yeah, honestly both should probably be passed by pointer anyway. But that makes me wonder about the actual differences here and why... maybe something fun to dig into.

Passing by pointer (in C) reduced the difference a lot, but swapping the order of Add and Int in the Rust enum was enough to reduce the different to:

  cmp ecx, 1
  je .LBB0_3
vs

  cmp ecx, 2
  jne .LBB0_2
LBB0_3 and LBBO_2 were the same in both outputs (up to alpha renaming).

Oddly, both sources seemed to be quite sensitive to match switch and enum reordering, resulting in very different generated code. Possibly something to look into further.