Yes, there are certainly use cases where you know the data you're parsing will only come from a narrow range of Unicode, such as U+0000 to U+007F — or from just the letters GCAT, as you mentioned. The overhead of converting 8-bit input to 7-bit might not be worth the cost, but the benefit of storing your input in just 2 bits per "letter" is definitely worth it.

I mostly wanted to make sure people know that the upper multilingual planes are a very real use case, and you need to test them. This is more important for languages such as C# where UTF-16 is the norm: many programmers don't know that they're handling surrogate pairs wrong until someone tries to backspace over an emoji character and it turns into something weird. It's probably less relevant to Zig, which didn't make the mistake that C# and Java did by starting out with UCS-2 (to be fair to them, they were designed in the era where people still thought that 65,536 codepoints would be enough for every language and Unicode would never need more than 16 bits). But the upper planes are important, and need to be tested no matter what language your code is written in.