Substance in Estonia is usually required. A rented address does not suffice for that.

Could you elaborate, please? I’ve thought the whole point of e.g. the e-Residency program was to bring in business that’s not substantially tied to Estonia.

Substance would be real activity happening in Estonia: - Where are the decisions made? - Where is the work being done?

Why would I otherwise pay 66% in taxes in Belgium when I could just set up an Estonian ltd, get limited liability and pay 0 until I take anything out?