> It is absolutely ridiculous: of all countries, Italy has totally the means to rely only on solar and batteries

Do you have any trustable source for this?

I'd say "Supplementary Information for Strategic deployment of solar photovoltaics for achieving self-sufficiency in Europe throughout the energy transition"[1] fits the bill. It lays out various paths to 100% renewables (which in Italy, like in Spain, is heavily solar) by 20250

[1]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-61492-9.pdf

Just look at any map of solar power potential, solar irradiance, hours of sunshine of Europe.

I think the question is more about the "and batteries" part than about the sunshine part.

Exactly

Latitude?