This matches research done by Let Grow that claims that kids spend so much time on their smartphones because they are on a short leash and would prefer unstructured play time:

https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2025/08/kids-smart...

As a parent of a 9 year old I often find myself keeping them on a short leash and need to consciously give them the freedom they crave. Reading these articles help me be more aware and courageous.