I dont think the problem is parties by themselves. I think it's more the fact that the US system cannot accomodate more than 2 parties.

Plenty of other democracies have parties, including cross government branches.

What makes the US unique, and fragile, is that no party other than democrats and republicans can realistically exist.

It over emphasizes partisanship above anything (including honesty, morality) because career politicians in one party just have nowhere to go if they are dissident.

You can see that in plain sight currently, with republicans being in the total incapacity of contradicting their party line on anything, even the most obvious of lies.

In most other democracies, dissidents would have just created a new party and moved on, that wouldnt be "carrier ending" for them.