I've always thought it would make sense for formatters to be baked into the toolchain so that they can reuse the language's parser (presumably exposed as a library) and then be implemented via parsing to AST and then formatted back out so that they're guaranteed to be correct and normalized. This doesn't seem to be how most formatters work in practice though, although I'm not sure if it's because of performance reasons or a lack of support for the parser being exposed in language toolchains.