Perhaps I am wrong or overstating the belief that the Turing test would be sufficient. My recollection is that it was well regarded as a meaningful if not conclusive test.

> the Chinese room thought experiment

This is an interesting thought experiment but I think the “computers don’t understand” interpretation relies on magical thinking.

The notion that “systemic” understanding is not real is purely begging the question. It also ignores that a human is also a system.