Hmm, what, the acetone evaporates and leaves just the plastic? Is that how it works?

And typically penetrates into the material (https://rhadhesives.com/why-chose-solvent-based-adhesives/).

Adhesives are a deep and interesting subject if you're looking for a wikipedia hole. For example, if you want the best general-purpose consumer structural adhesive, it's Loctite PL Premium MAX. For the best general-purpose consumer structural adhesive applied in wide temperature ranges, it's Liquid Nails Fuze-It MAX. If you want the best flexible general-purpose consumer structural adhesive, it's Gorilla Heavy Duty Construction Adhesive. For the best all-purpose consumer structural adhesive when properly prepared, applied and cured, it's epoxy resin. For the strongest general-purpose adhesive when tightly fitted and clamped between two porous materials, it's cross-linked PVA (wood glue). There are dozens of variables that change which adhesive is better per application.