Your question feels insane to me for production environments. Why aren't you doing a version cutoff of your packages and either pulling them from some network/local cache or baking them into your images?

I don't just run a java spring boot application. I run other things on my production system.

It doesn't matter much were i pull them from though, i only do this with packages which have plenty of dependencies and i don't want to assemble my own minimal image.

That local cache is often implemented as a drop-in replacement for the upstream package repository, and packages are still installed with the same package manager (yum,apt,pip,npm).

No, this is not always the case. Regulated industries pin their package versions and store those versions for pulling.

Aforementioned security vulnerabilities don’t strike as a potential reason to you?

Friend, considering the supply chain attacks going on these days, automatically updating everything, immediately, probably isn't the perfect move either.

You need to automatically update from a trusted source. That source better audit and update constantly. Which is hard.

Ignoring the real benefits of security updates to prevent the unlikely event of supply chain attacks sounds like a weird tradeoff.