If there is a stack of size n and you make a modification at the first change, closest to the trunk, is there a single git command you can run to rebase the other n-1 branches and ensure they remote branches are updated?

Not a single one, but it can be done with 2.

Assuming you're currently on the most recent branch (furthest from the trunk), `git rebase -i --update-refs trunk` will rebase all the intermediate branches. If you need to make a change to the first branch nearest the trunk, either use `edit` in the interactive rebase, or make a fixup commit and enable autosquash for the rebase. The `--update-refs` flag makes sure that all the intermediate branches get updated during the rebase.

Then, to push them all, something like `git push origin 'refs/heads/yourname/*'` will push all branches prefixed with `yourname/`. It's a bit stupid that one can't just do `git push 'yourname/*'` though.