sqlitebrowser.org is cool but it's not the sort of developer tools I'm talking about. As I clarify in the side notes, I'm looking for a formatter, linter, LSP, not an IDE.
> https://sqlite.org/syntax.html
As I replied to some other comment, I'm very aware that there is a syntax diagram but that really only tells half the story. If you actually look at those diagrams into detail, or you look into the the actual parse.y grammar (https://sqlite.org/src/file?name=src/parse.y&ci=trunk), you'll find that they're missing a lot of information which is required for you to actually interpret the SQL into an AST.
When I say "formal specification", I'm not just talking about the formal grammar rules but also how those interpreted in practice. Something closer to the ECMAScript specification (https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/st...).