I want you to know that I would only write this in a discussion nitpicking about grammar: :)

> "I'd like to thank: my mother, Ayn Rand and God".

A colon should not connect a verb and its objects; generally you need an independent clause before the colon (i.e., a clause that could be a complete sentence). One could properly say,

  I'd like to thank the following: My mother, Ayn Rand and God.

Also, these examples leave ambiguity. Your mom could be Ayn Rand, and if she was, then you might very well think she was God, or be making a joke about it.

> "We invited the strippers: JFK and Stalin, to the party"

Nope. A colon isn't a parenthetical in the middle of a sentence; that is, you can't continue the sentence after a colonic phrase (there's no such thing so I made up that term :D ). And again, the clause before that colon is not an independent clause. One can use parentheses (of course) or em dashes for parenthetical phrases:

  We invited strippers (JFK and Stalin) to the party.
  We invited strippers - JFK and Stalin - to the party.

A proper colon might be as follows:

  We invited strippers to the party: JFK and Stalin!

But I'd put an em dash there (and to heck with LLMs and their em dash overusage).