Rule 3 was true 1989, back then computers were so slow and had barely any ram so most things you did only was reasonable for small number of inputs. Today we almost always have large amounts of inputs so its different.

This very much depends on where you work... and basically isn't true for most people. It's extremely true for some people.

Rule 3 is still very much real. Fancy fast algorithms often have other trade-offs. The best algorithm for the job is the one that meets all requirements well... Big-O is one aspect, data is another, determinism of the underlying things that are needed (dynamic memory allocation, etc) can be another.

It is important to remember that the art of sw engineering (like all engineering) lives in a balance between all these different requirements; not just in OPTIMIZE BIG-O.

Sure but the default (and usually correct) assumption when working at google (as an example) is basically "all numbers are big", so you you have to cluey about algorithms and data structures and not default to brute forcing something.

At 99% of shops it should be the other way around .