> Western Europe is a low trust environment compared to the beacons in (cultural) East Asia, like Singapore. I can leave my kid with an iPad in her hand here without fear of it being nicked, like in London.

Funny that you take London as an example of Western Europe's low-trust environment, entirely ignoring the fact that the population of London can hardly be called Western European anymore. According to [1] in 2021 only 36,8% of the London population was White British, trend decreasing.

> But business wise, western Europe is still relatively high trust.

Maybe because the population actually working and doing business is still Western European? But that won't last long if current trends and policies continue.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_London

> [...] the population of London can hardly be called Western European anymore. According to [1] in 2021 only 36,8% of the London population was White British, trend decreasing.

If you want to make that argument, you'd at least need to look at the proportion of the population that's Western European, not just British.

> If you want to make that argument, you'd at least need to look at the proportion of the population that's Western European, not just British.

The page I linked shows 53,8% white in 2021. Even if you count the majority of whites as West Europeans (and not East Europeans), they were under 50% in 2021, probably even less today.

If you have more accurate and up to date data, please share.

But that misses the point. I don't say London is not high-trust because of the non-Western population. I say London is not a western city anymore because of its population.

London is a western city, because of its location and culture.

London has been a city of traders and other foreigners since at least the days of the Romans.

> London is a western city, because of its location and culture.

The dominant culture of the local population is not "Western" anymore.

> London has been a city of traders and other foreigners since at least the days of the Romans.

Is it?

Let's look at the official data: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_London

Percentage of white population in London over the years:

- 1961 - 97,7%

- 1966 - 95,5%

- 1971 - 92,6%

- 1981 - 86,6%

- 1991 - 79,8%

- 2001 - 71,15%

- 2011 - 59,79%

- 2021 - 53,8%

It's clear that, up until very recently, London was a city of traders and other foreigners living there among the highly homogenous local population.

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