We have a pretty good answer to your questions, they are called IQ tests. It’s not like measuring intelligence is uncharted territory.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/i-gave-chatgpt-an...
https://www.reddit.com/r/singularity/comments/1p5f0b1/gemini...
Gemini 3 Pro has an IQ of 130 now but we keep moving the goalposts and being like “not THAT intelligence, we mean this other intelligence”. I suspect, and history shows us this will be the case, that humans will judge AIs as not human and not intelligent and not needing rights way past the point where they should have rights, even when vastly superior to human intelligence.
IQ tests only measure the ability to pass IQ tests, they say very little about intelligence. MMA fighters might be among the most intelligent people on the planet, playing 4D bullet chess with each part of their body at light speed, while scoring a flat 100 at IQ tests (the average).
IQ tests are nonsense. The more IQ tests you take the better at them you get. And who is "we", you pretentious dirtbag.