I would call your example "bad code". Do you disagree with that?

Not at all. I'm just pointing out that code does not intrinsically convey intent, only implementation.

To use a less trite example, I'd probably find some case where a word or name can have different meanings in different contexts, and how that can be confusing rather than clarifying without further documentation or knowledge of the problem space.

Really though, any bug in the code you write is a deviation between intent and implementation. That's why documentation can be a useful supplement to code. If you haven't, take a look at the underhanded C contests- there's some fantastically good old gems in there that demonstrate how a plain reading of the code may not convey intent correctly.

The winner of this contest might be a good example: https://www.underhanded-c.org/_page_id_26.html

I feel like we're going from "literate programming" to "sometimes it makes sense to add comments". I agree with the latter. Good code is mostly unsurprising, and when it is surprising it deserves a comment. But that is more the exception than the rule.

Literate programming makes it the rule.