Is there any evidence that going outside the scope of the agreement would amount to anything more than a contract violation? Are we really to expect that Anthropic general counsel sits at the API gates allowing or blocking requests?

More generally, are there any comparable contract requirements in the field of defense, for a company in the same position as Anthropic? I'm curious.

You're missing the huge step that the government asking for "all legal uses" terminology is also who decides what is legal. Congress isn't willing to act as a check on executive power, meaning the contract they demanded simply says "I do what I want."

Sure... So the USA of Trump have just decided to stop themselves and all their military suppliers from using the very best coding tools.

I suppose the USA's frenemies will jump on the occasion and use the incredible opportunity offered to them in a silver platter.