As of 3.14 running without the GIL is optional, but the default still has the GIL in place. 3.13 had it as experimental, but not officially supported. 3.12 and back are all GIL all day.

Python's asyncio library is single threaded, so I'm not sure why you are talking about threads and asyncio like they have anything to do with each other.

Python has been able to do more then one thing at a time for a long time. That's what the multiprocess library is for. It's not an ideal solution, but it does exist.