On the consumer facing side Paypal is something I use when paying, but AFAIK I can't use Stripe (yet?). Stripe is used by businesses to let me pay with a credit card (or Paypal, Google Pay, etc etc).

Stripe link is a white label checkout page like what you're talking about. I believed all of shop pay also goes through stripe

Stripe Link is their answer to “using Stripe on the customer facing side”.