Do you have any evidence to back up that claim? I've never heard of any study that showed that cooperatives are less productive than hierarchies.
Do you have any evidence to back up that claim? I've never heard of any study that showed that cooperatives are less productive than hierarchies.
Even co-ops have hierarchy-style management, which is often professional management. It's just done on behalf of the collective membership instead of answering to a corporate board. (But the oversight is often weak in any such scenario, so the professionals involved can accrue significant benefits.)