both Docker and bubblewrap are not secure sandboxes. the only way to have actually isolated sandboxes is by using VMs

disclaimer: i work on secure sandboxes at E2B

What about cgroups? I know they are not exactly analogous, but to me that seems like a pretty decent solution.

No disagreement from me. From the article:

> Bubblewrap and Docker are not hardened security isolation mechanisms, but that's okay with me.

Edit to add: my understanding is the major flaw in this approach is potential bugs in Linux kernel that would allow sandbox escape. Would appreciate your insight if there are some easier/more probable attack vectors.

Do you have more information on how to set up such VMs?

for personal use, many ways: Vargant, Docker Sandbox, NixOS VMs, Lima, OrbStack.

if you want multi-tenant: E2B (open-source, self-hosted)

Hashicorp has mostly abandoned Vagrant, so I'd avoid it.