I'm interested in why Claude loses it's mind here,

but also, getting shut down for safety reasons seems entirely foreseeable when the initial request is "how do I make a bomb?"

That wasn't the request, that's how Claude understood the Armenian when it short-circuited.

Does Google also not handle this well?

Copy-pasted from the chat: https://www.google.com/search?q=translate+%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B9...