I had Claude go dig up some science for me: https://claude.ai/share/2dc95280-ff92-4b13-816f-24f5993d8fc7

The most relevant concepts appear to be:

- Desirable Difficulties - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desirable_difficulty - "A desirable difficulty is a learning task that requires a considerable but desirable amount of effort, thereby improving long-term performance. [...] The task must be able to be accomplished. Too difficult a task may dissuade the learner and prevent full processing."

- Worked-example effect - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worked-example_effect - "Specifically, it refers to improved learning observed when worked examples are used as part of instruction, compared to other instructional techniques such as problem-solving. [...] However, it is important to note that studying [worked examples] loses its effectiveness with increasing expertise"

- Expertise reversal effect - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expertise_reversal_effect - "The expertise reversal effect refers to the reversal of the effectiveness of instructional techniques on learners with differing levels of prior knowledge."

- "Generation effect" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_effect - "The generation effect is a phenomenon whereby information is better remembered if it is generated from one's own mind rather than simply read."