Traiñing models is not copyright infrigement

Generating obviously infringing material is, though, even if there are lots of intermediate steps to do so.

What is obviously infringing? If this was the case then why don't they sue OpenAI directly if it's so "obvious".

that remains to be seen

and especially outside of the united states

most countries have no concept of "fair use" whatsoever

Even fan art manga in Japan is a thing so fair use is more widespread than you may think