> They are defined by the runtime condition they represent.
Exactly. Exceptions represent conditions that violate the rules of the computing environment, while bugs represent conditions that violate "business" rules.
> Saying exceptions often announce bugs is perfectly coherent
Not really. If it were coherent we wouldn't be here. But perhaps what you are grasping to say is that it is possible that a bug could "corrupt" the computing environment, which could then also lead to an exception later on?
Allowing user input of "0" where the business rules say that "0" input is invalid would be considered a bug, and later when that 0 input is used as a divisor would see an exception (in an environment where divide by 0 is not permitted, for those who struggle). The exception in this case would likely reveal that there is also a bug in the user input.
But that does not imply that exceptions encompass bugs. Those are independent events, both wanting their own independent resolutions.
> But that does not imply that exceptions encompass bugs. Those are independent events, both wanting their own independent resolutions.
they do, unless you use exceptions for control flow
Neither exceptions, the concept, nor exceptions, the data structure, have anything to do with control flow. You could be thinking of exception handlers, which refers to a control flow mechanism, but if you were you'd be going completely off the rails.