If a large company is making a utility cares, they'll have a ux person/s, sometimes part of a design team, to make sure things are usable.

But if you're really big, you could also test in production with ab testing. But as you said, the motivation tends to be to get people to click some button that creates revenue for the company. (subscribe, buy, click ad)

Somewhat related to this, the google aistudio interface was really pushing gdrive. I think they reduced it now, but in the beginning if you wanted to just upload a single file, you had to upload it to gdrive first and then use it.

There was also some annoying banner you couldn't remove above the prompt input that tried to get you to connect to gdrive.