I'm looking for a game (like 5-10 years old?) which kinda mimicked Turing machine.

There was guy/robot, viewed from above, going along a path, and an input -- tape with blue and red dots. Player task is to create the path with tiles like "if the current tape dot is red -- turn left, otherwise turn right", and "write blue to the tape".

Advanced levels had interesting tasks like "imagine the tape represents a binary number, add 1 to it".

RoboZZle?

I think I just found it -- Manufactoria. Hooray! Thank you.

https://ejrh.wordpress.com/2012/06/08/manufactoria/

No, it seems like player writes the instructions, given a map. In that game player writes the map, given a tape (tape had round blue/red circles). Robot could not get out of the playable area, unlike RoboZZle.