With the ? syntax in Rust results and exceptions are the same thing. I posit that the former is superior. It is unfortunate that results have worse performance but I don't see any reason why. Results that bubbles up all the way ought to be identical to an uncaught exception.
Exceptions can tradeoff happy-path performance for more overhead on the slow path. For example, an exception implementation can make it so that callers can assume the 'Ok' result always appears, because an exception causes a seperate unwinding mechanism to occur that walks the stack back, bypassing that entirely. In contrast every caller to a function that returns a Result must have a branch on that result, and this repeats for each part of the callstack.
This also means that exceptions can have stacktraces that only incur a cost on the unhappy path and even only if that exception is uncaught. While if you want a trace for a bad Result you are going to be doing a lot of extra book-keeping that will be thrown away
In general I agree that Results are the better abstraction, but there are sadly some tradeoffs that seem to be hard to overcome.
This depends a lot of what you are using exceptions for. I think in general the branch on Ok/Err is probably not meaningful performance-wise because the branch predictor will see right through that.
But more generally the happy-path/error-path distinction can be a bit murky. From my days writing Java back in the day it was very common to see code where checked exceptions were used as a sort of control flow mechanism, so you end up using the slow path relatively frequently because it was just how you handled certain expected conditions that were arbitrarily designated as "exceptions". The idea behind Result types to me is just that recoverable, expected errors are part of the program's control flow and should be handled through normal code and not some side-channel. Exceptions/panics should be used only for actually exceptional conditions (programming errors which break some expected invariant of the system) and immediately terminate the unit of work that experienced the exception.