OpenDoc [1] was another attempt in this space.
I think the fundamental problem was that no one ever figured out a business model around components. You can get people to buy an application and the application could edit its own files. But it's not clear how a document or app that contains a mash-up of pieces of code written by different companies is paid for.
Would users be willing to pay for a component that let them add charts to their word processing docs? Would that mean no one else could open the doc unless they had the same component? It didn't seem at the time like there was a business model that held together.
(The somewhat related counter-example is modern digital audio workstations. Third-party plug-ins ["VSTs"] are a remarkably success model there for both users and businesses. And users do seem to understand and accept that, yes, if your project uses some audio plug-ins then anyone else you collaborate with needs to have those same plug-ins.)
I reckon components either have to be free, or the "platform" pays top creators. The latter is hard...but one could execute it better thank tiktok, who did it very inequitably - but it was still incentive enough.