What happened in the 70s to invoke such a reaction? I’m aware of vague issues that plagued the Carter admin, but not a good overall picture.

By the 1970s Japan and Western Europe came back online.

A whole bunch of things that reduced reinvestment in the country hit all at once during mostly the first half of that decade.

Vietnam cultural problems came home to roost as did divisive civil rights era race baiting, 1st generation welfare systems (which I know it sounds hard to believe, but were way worse than today in terms of cliffs and disincentivizing productiviety) proliferated, oil crisis, stagflation, a whole bunch of the industrial economy which had been built out around/during WW2 was nearing "reinvest or shut it down" age right at the same time that stuff got regulated to high heaven and the oil crisis hit. As much as people complain about Gen Z being lazy/unmotivated, the hippie boomers were even worse as a workforce (and even more dominant due to the birth rate lull and spike of the depression and ww2).