This has been discussed/answered in other Nostr thread:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45300004 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45299986
This has been discussed/answered in other Nostr thread:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45300004 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45299986
The links you shared talk only about spam. They do not talk about illegal content like CSAM.
There is no single approach as no central moderation exists. That's a feature.
So it's to relay operators in combination with WoT (web of trust) on the client (and sometimes relays)