`ed` is really much more in the spirit of unix. `vi` culture popped up since then, and the idea of driving other tools from an editor is more of an emacs/lisp lineage.

`ed` is in the spirit of teletypes. It's the editor of choice when all you have is a dumb text-based prompt with no control of full-screen display. The whole point of `vi` originally was to be a `vi`sual mode for `ex`, which is a more full-featured variety of `ed`.