Before the WWW, the leading large-scale hypertext project was Xanadu:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Xanadu
It was decidedly non-free. The code was owned by Autodesk, and the protocol was supposed to include micro-transactions applied to all content access so that authors would always get paid.
There were quite a few, I think. It depends who you ask as to which was the leading one.
There was also Microcosm, HyperG and others. The Web was notable amongst them in avoiding money and licensing sort of stuff altogether (e.g. Xanadu made a point about micropayments for lots of content, and I think many of the others fell to the temptation of catering to cash in some way or other).
Anything with micro transactions is dead on arrival without massive disintermediation, or a revolution in the way we handle the incestuous relationship between finance, crime, and law enforcement.
You can have a world where all people are capable of trivially transacting, without having anyone else say no, and consequently, financial crime is trivial, and a nigh-intractable problem to handle. Or you have the ability to enforce sanctions, anti-money laundering, and taxation laws, financial crime is at least tractable with sufficient will, and you have the perfect abusable engine of tyranny through which people can be completed ousted from society through financial lockout or micromanagement. Almost inevitably, you will not be the one with your hand on that button.
Choose wisely.
Interresting point of view.
But don't you think that today's internet already provides lockout and micromanagement without ever needing the microtransaction part?
This is actually all the talks around censorship on various platforms and random ejection from various marketplace/social system without much recourse for some (can go from being censored on any given social network, to being prevented to publish on app stores, to having your google account fully taken away).
Sure, you might still be able to access the internet, but is that relevant? What people come to do on the internet is more in relation with other people than anything else. Tech doesn't matter that much; everything ends up being built around social networks/issues.
And in the end, the internet is just a layer built on top of a physical system that is very much dependent on a given social structure/hierarchy. If that social structure wants you out, it won't make much of a difference how your internet software works.
I kind of get what you are saying, but I fail to see how a microtransaction internet would be any more tyrannical than the "real world".
In a way it was more mature in the sense of what makes the world go round.
Without money data centers and infrastructure don’t happen.
So now instead of microtransactions we get plastered with ads ad nauseam.
We the consumers are the ones who paid the infra with our monthly teleco bill.
It really doesn’t pay for the billions in infra, maintenance and personnel. You’d have to pay quite a bit more.
In my country 45.6 million homes pay each month around +30€ to have fiber to the home.
That is around 162 billion a year in cash flow.
The biggest provider operational costs are aroud 37B. For everything, not only fiber. And controls 50% of the FTTH market.
I mean is quick maths but looks like it does pay for it.
I think microtransaction methods still exist using cryptocurrencies. They were going to be difficult without crypto anyway, because of the hurdles that the stubborn national authorities put up in the way of an international payment system.
Microstransactions are a massive on iOS and android using “non-crypto” currency and have been for many years.
Micro transactions work fine. If there was any real demand on the web, browsers would incorporate them seamlessly.
But people don’t want to pay even a single cent for a 10 minute article.
I definitely would, if payments in 10s of cents was possible.
But we only get full on subscription that are at least few euros per month and those are annoying to manage and it's quite complicated to evaluate the value beforehand (unlike say a traditional magazine that you can buy as a single issue to test before subbing).
And when you find one-time payments, they are usually high price (around 3€ minimum seems to be the usual) and worse than that, you rarely can own the stuff. You purchase "access" with a license and no way to really save the thing as your own, making the whole thing a bit of a joke, and piracy the only truly sane solution.
I don't think that is true.
A seamless ubiquitous interface and accounting system for penny sized transactions hasn't been introduced anywhere I am aware of.
It would need to be incredibly convenient, easy, reliable, secure, private. With flexible permissioning (subscription list, ok to pay list, etc.) so people were not hammered by "Do you want to pay?" popups all the live long day.
Brave tries. Maybe one day this will be the solution along with Kagi.
Payment Request API is a thing and it looks kinda nice, except apparently nobody cares about it.