I'm always surprised when people suggest using a different language if you want typing in Python. Python's (second?) largest appeal is probably its extensive ecosystem. Whenever people suggest just changing languages, I wonder if they work in isolation, without the need for certain packages or co-worker proficiency in that language.
I think people usually say it for a different reason. Types are not enforced. You can annotate your code that looks correct to the type checker, but the actual data flow at runtime can be with different types.
And it happens quite often in large codebases. Sometimes external dependencies report wrong types, e.g., a tuple instead of a list. It's easy to make such a mistake when a library is written in a compiled language and just provides stubs for types. Tuples and lists share the same methods, so it will work fine for a lot of use cases. And since your type checker will force you to use a tuple instead of a list, you will never know that it's actually a list that can be modified unless you disable type checking and inspect the data.
To be pedantic compiled languages only check types at compile time as well. If you have a C library that takes void* then it can easily go wrong at runtime.
Typing has only been around since python 3.5. As someone who has formally learned 2.7 in university when 3.0 had already been around for a few years, I suppose there are many who still lag years behind what the language can do due to old codebases and fears of incompatibility.