I think it actually was an Apple innovation, at least for {hobbyist, home, personal} computers. I did some digging and wasn't able to find anything before the Apple II+ in 1979. Please do prove me wrong, though!

I found an old edition of Byte from 77 where they advertise a "Vector Graphic Vector 1+":

https://isaac.lsu.edu/byte/issues/197710_Byte_Magazine_Vol_0...

A quick search doesn't find me pictures, but I did find a "Vector 1++”:

https://vintagecomputer.ca/vector-graphic-vector-1/