That distinction is technically moot, and just highlights the the irrelevance of the report: any Falun Gong or whatever organization can change the proclaimed self-identity, the language (by first translating, with a different or neutral model first if necessary).

It is technically certainly feasible to have language-dependent quality changes, the language of the prompt can be trained to make intentional security lapses.

But no neural network has a magic end-intent or allegiance detector.

If Iran's "revolutionary" guard seeks help from a language model to design centrifuges, merely translating their requests to the model's origin dominant language(s), and culling any shiboleths should result in an identical distribution of code, designs or whatever compared to origin country, origin language requests.

It is also expectable that some finetuning can realign the model's interests towards whomever's goals.