Poking around for only a minute, the largest SQLite file I could find is 600GB https://www.reddit.com/r/learnpython/comments/1j8wt4l/workin...
The largest filesystems I could find are ~1EB and 700PB at Oak Ridge.
FWIW, I took the ‘usually’ to mean usually the theoretical file size limit on a machine is smaller than theoretical SQLite limit. It doesn’t necessarily imply that anyone’s hit the limit.